Ka kiia hoki te kaiwhakamakuku he kaihopu whakamarara. I tetahi taha, he pānga whakamakuku tōna, i tetahi atu taha, ka taea te mimiti i tetahi pito o tōna rōpū hohe ki te mata o te tae kua kuruhia kia angiangi, ā, ka whakarewahia tetahi pito ki roto i te rauemi turanga hei hanga i te paparanga mimiti (ko te nui o ngā rōpū mimiti, ko te roa o te hononga mekameka, ko te matotoru o te paparanga mimiti) hei whakaputa i te aukati utu (peita wai) te aukati entropi rānei (peita whakarewa), kia taea ai te whakamarara me te whakairi i ngā matūriki tae ki roto i te peita mō te wā roa kia kore ai e pupuhi anō. Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te pūnaha peita i te rokiroki.
Ngā momo whakamarara e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
1.Kaihoko whakamakuku me te whakamarara anionic
Ko te nuinga o ēnei he mekameka warowaihā kore-pororaru, he mekameka utu kino, he rōpū hydrophilic pororaru. Kei ngā pito e rua o te ngota ngā rōpū e rua, e hanga ana i tētahi hanganga ngota hydrophilic me te oleophilic kore-taurite. Ko ōna momo ko: te konutai oleate C17H33COONa, te carboxylate, te sulfate (RO-SO3Na), te sulfonate (R-SO3Na), me ētahi atu. He pai te hototahitanga o ngā kaiwhakamarara anionic, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā polymer waikawa polycarboxylic, me ētahi atu ki ngā paninga whakarewa-e hangai ana ki te whakarewa, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi hei kaiwhakamarara momo flocculation-whakahaeretia.
2. Kaihoko whakamakuku me te whakamarara cationic
He pūhui kore-pororaru ēnei, he pai te utu, ko te nuinga he tote amine, he tote amine quaternary, he tote pyridinium, me ētahi atu. He kaha te mimiti o ngā matū horoi cationic, ā, he pai ake te pānga marara ki te pango waro, ki ngā momo waikura rino me ngā tae waro, engari me mōhio ka tauhohe matū rātou ki te rōpū carboxyl i roto i te rauemi turanga, ā, me mōhio anō hoki kaua e whakamahia ngātahi me ngā matū whakamarara anionic.
3. He momo hyperdispersant rauropi kore utu whakahaeretia
Tuarua, ko te tūranga o te kaiwhakamarara
1. Whakapai ake i te kanapa me te whakanui ake i te pānga whakataurite.
2. Ārai i te tae mānu me te pua.
3. Whakapai ake i te kaha o te tae.
4. Whakaitihia te matotoru me te whakanui ake i te utaina o te tae.
5. Whakaitihia te rere o te wai, whakapiki ake i te āheinga hanga me te whakamahinga.
6. Ārai i te whakaroa me te whakapiki i te pumau o te rokiroki.
7. Whakanuia te horapa o te tae me te mātotoru o te tae.
8. Whakanuia te māramatanga, te mana hipoki rānei.
9. Whakapai ake i te pai o te huri me te whakaiti i te utu whakaputa.
10. Ārai i te taunga.
Wā tuku: 15 o Ākuhata-2022